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BooksOn this page:
A book with one authorElements of the citation:First reference Author Name Surname, Title of Book - in italics (Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication), page number. Subsequent reference Author Surname, Title of Book - in italics and shortened if more than 4 words, page number. Bibliography Author Surname, Author Name. Title of Book - in italics. Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication. 
Example:First reference1. Joseph Migga Kizza, Computer Network Security and Cyberethics (Jefferson, N.C. : McFarland, 2002), 35. Subsequent reference Bibliography A book published in a second or subsequent editionElements of the citation: First reference
Author Name Surname, Title of Book - in italics, number ed. (Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication), page number. Subsequent reference Author Surname, Title of Book - in italics and shortened if more than 4 words, page number. Bibliography Author Surname, Author Name. Title of Book - in italics. Number ed. Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication. Example:First
reference3. Alan Fenna, Australian Public Policy, 2nd ed. , (Frenchs Forest, N.S.W. : Pearson Education Australia, 2004), 42. Subsequent reference Bibliography A book by two or three authorsElements of the citation: First reference
Author Name Surname and Author Name Surname, Title of Book - in italics (Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication), page number. Subsequent reference Author Surname and Author Surname, Title of Book - in italics and shortened if more than 4 words, page number. Bibliography Author Surname, Author Name and Author Name Surname. Title of Book - in italics. Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication. Example:First
reference7. Ken Coates and Carin Holroyd, Japan and the Internet Revolution (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), 15. Subsequent reference Bibliography A book by four or more authorsElements of the citation: First reference
Author Name Surname et al. , Title of Book - in italics, number ed. (Place of publication: Name of publisher, Year of publication), page number. Subsequent reference Author Surname et al. , Title of Book - in italics and shortened if more than 4 words, page number. Bibliography Author Surname, Author Name, Author Name Surname, Author Name Surname and Author Name Surname. Title of Book - in italics. Number ed. Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication. Example:
First reference11. David Besanko et al. Economics of Strategy, 3rd ed. (New York: J. Wiley, 2003), 23. Subsequent reference Bibliography Note: All authors' names are reproduced in full One volume of a multi-volume workExample:
First reference9. J. William Pfeiffer, ed. , Theories and Models in Applied Behavioural Science, vol. 4, Organizational (San Diego: Pfeiffer, 1991), 34. Subsequent reference Bibliography An edited bookElements of the citation: First reference
Editor Name Surname, ed. , Title of Book - in italics (Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication), page number. Subsequent reference Editor surname, Title of Book - in italics and shortened if more than 4 words, page number. Bibliography Editor Surname, Editor Name, ed. Title of Book - in italics. Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication. Example:
First reference1. Margit Misangyi Watts, ed. , Technology: Taking the Distance out of Learning (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003), 73. Subsequent reference Bibliography A book with no author givenElements of the citation: First reference
Title of Book - in italics, number ed. (Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication), page number. Subsequent reference Title of Book - in italics and shortened, page number. Bibliography Title of Book - in italics. Number ed. Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication. Example:
First reference16. Style Manual for Authors, Editors and Printers, 5th ed. (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1996), sec. 9.57. Subsequent reference Bibliography A book or work by an association or institutionElements of the citation: First reference
Name of Organisation, Title of Book - in italics, number ed. (Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication), page number. Subsequent reference Name of Organisation - shortened if appropriate, Title of Book - in italics and shortened, page number. Bibliography Name of Organisation. Title of Book - in italics. Number ed. Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication. Example:
First reference21. National Gallery of Australia, The Eye of the Storm: Eight Contemporary Indigenous Artists, 2nd ed. (Canberra: National Gallery of Australia, 1997),15. Subsequent reference Bibliography Indirect citations - citations from a secondary sourceThese occur when you choose to cite the work of an author using a reference/citation made by another author i.e. you do not examine the original work.Details of both the original and secondary source must be listed. Example:
Secondary sources cited in your notes1. Sheila Allen, "Some Theoretical Problems in the Study of Youth,"Sociological Review 16, no. 3 (1968): 1, quoted in Johanna Wyn and Rob White, Rethinking Youth (St Leonards, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 1997), 8. Bibliography Works by the same first authors, published in the same year.Single author entries come first in the bibliography Example:Robbins, Stephen. P. Organizational Behaviour. 11th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall, 2004. Robbins, Stephen P. and David A. DeCenzo. Fundamentals of Management: Essential Concepts and Applications. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall, 2004. Works by the same author, published in the same year.In your bibliography, order these works alphabetically according to the title of the work. Ignore any initial "The", "A" or "An" in the title. A dash replaces the repeated author name Example:Blainey, Geoffrey. Black Kettle and Full Moon: Daily Life in a Vanished Australia. Camberwell, Victoria: Penguin/Viking, 2003. ----. The Rush the Never Ended: A History of Australian Mining. 5th ed. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press, 2003. Citing more than one author at one point in the textSeveral citations can be included in a single footnote, separated by a semi-colon. Example:
Multiple references cited in your notes1. Zygmunt Bauman, Globalization and Culture (Oxford: Polity Press, 1999), 6; John Tomlinson Globalization: The Human Consequences (London: Routledge, 1999), 11. Multiple references cited in your bibliography (Create separate entries).
Book chaptersA chapter in a bookElements of the citation: First reference
Author Name Surname and Author Name Surname, "Title of Chapter," in Title of Book - in italics (Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication), page number. Subsequent reference Author Surname and Author Surname, "Title of Chapter - shortened," page number. Bibliography Author Surname, Author name and Author Name Surname. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book - in italics. Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication. Example: First
reference1. Johanna Wyn and Rob White, "The Concept of Youth," in Rethinking Youth (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1997), 11. Subsequent reference Bibliography A chapter in an edited bookElements of the citation: First reference
Author of chapter - Name Surname, "Title of Chapter," in Title of Book - in italics, ed. Editor Name Surname, page number (Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication). Subsequent reference Author of chapter Surname, "Title of Chapter - shortened," page number. Bibliography Author of chapter Surname, Name. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book - in italics, edited by Editor Name Surname. Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication. Example: First
reference3. Barry M. Maid, "No Magic Answer," in Technology; Taking the Distance out of Learning, ed. Margit Mesangyi Watts, 21 (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003). Note: The page reference is inserted before the publishing details. Subsequent reference Bibliographys
Journal articlesOn this page:
Print versionElements of the citation: First reference Author Name Surname and Author Name Surname, "Title of Article - in double quotation marks," Title of Journal - in italics volume number, no. issue number (Year of publication): page number. Subsequent reference Author surname, "Shortened title," page number. Bibliography Author Surname, Name and Author Name Surname. "Title of Article - in double quotation marks." Title of Journal - in italics Volume number, no. issue number (Year of publication): page range of article Example: First
reference1. Mihir Parikh and Sameer Verma, "Utilizing Internet Technologies to Support Learning: An Empirical Analysis," International Journal of Information Management 22, no. 1 (2002): 31. Subsequent reference Bibliography Accessed from a database in the same format as the original (PDF)Example: First
reference5. Jeff Bennett, "Environmental Values and Water Policy," Australian Geographical Studies 41, no. 3 (2003): 239, http://www.catchword.com/. Subsequent reference - shortened format Bibliography Note: Provide the URL of the main entrance to the database service. An access date may be added in parentheses at the end of the citation. Accessed from a website in the same format as the original (PDF)Example: First
reference9. Tim Sprod, "Philosophy, Young People and Well-being," Youth Studies Australia 18, no. 2 (1999): 13, http://www.acys.utas.edu.au/ysa/articles/ysa_pdfs/ysa-v18n2pp12-16.pdf. Subsequent reference Bibliography Accessed from a website in a format different from the print version (HTML) - may not give page numbers, or page range.Example: First
reference15. Deborah Valentine, "Access to Higher Education: A Challenge to Social Work Educators," Journal of Social Work Education 40, no. 2 (2004), under "Effects and Consequences," http://www.cswe.org/publications/jswe/04-2editorial.htm. Note:As individual page numbers are not available, a subheading can be used as a locator within the article. Subsequent reference Bibliography Accessed from a site which provides an electronic- only version of a journalExample: First
reference9. Monica Keneley, "The Dying Town Syndrome: A Survey of Urban Development in the Western District of Victoria 1830 - 1930," Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (2004), under "Urban decline 1921 - 1931," http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/articles/keneley3.htm Note: as individual page numbers are not available, a subheading can be used as a locator within the article. Subsequent reference Bibliography Articles by the same first authorSingle author entries come first in the bibliography Example:Bessant, Judith. "The Question of Public Trust and the Schooling System." Australian Journal of Education 45, no. 2 (2001): 207-226. Bessant, Judith and Ruth Webber. "Policy and the Youth Sector: Youth Peaks and Why We Need Them." Youth Studies Australia 20, no. 1 (2001): 43-47. Articles by the same authorTitles by the same author are normally listed alphabetically Example:Scutt, Jocelynne A. "Future Access - Discrimination and the Disability Discrimination Act," Access 5, no.3 (2003): 6-10. Scutt, Jocelynne A. "Without Precedent: Sex/gender Discrimination in the High Court." Alternative Law Journal 28, no. 2 (2003):pp. 74-77.
Newspaper articlesAuthor knownElements of the citation: First reference
Author Name Surname, "Title of Article,"Newspaper name - in italics (City of publication), Month day, Year of publication, edition number. Bibliography Author Surname, Name. "Title of Article." Newspaper name - in italics (City of publication), Month day, Year of publication, edition number. Example: First
reference1. Stephen Cauchi, "World's Green Markers on the Brink," Age (Melbourne), October 16, 2004, first edition. Subsequent reference Note: Because there may be several editions of the paper on one day, with items moved or eliminated, page numbers are best omitted. Adding the name of the newspaper section, and the edition, may be useful. Bibliography Notes: An initial "The" in the newspaper title is omitted. Unless it is obvious from the newspaper name, the city of publication should be added, in brackets, after the newspaper title, e.g. Age (Melbourne). Unsigned articlesUnsigned articles can be cited directly in the text, (in brackets), or cited briefly in a note. They are not normally included in the bibliography. Example:5. Courier Mail (Brisbane), December 3, 2004. Newspaper article accessed from a database - format not identical to originalInclude the URL of the main entrance of the database service, as well as edition and section details. Example:6. Henry Gee, "A Breed Apart," Age (Melbourne), October 29, 2004, first edition, A3. http://global.factiva.com Bibliography
Conference papersPublished paperElements of the citation: First reference
Author Name Surname, "Title of Paper," in Conference Proceedings name - in italics (Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication), page number. Subsequent reference Author Surname, "Title of Paper - shortened," page number. Bibliography Author Surname, Name. "Title of Paper." In Conference Proceedings name - in italics. Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication. Example: First
reference1. Mick Common, "The Role of Economics in Natural Heritage Decision Making," in Heritage Economics: Challenges for Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the International Society for Ecological Economics Conference, Canberra, 4 July 2000 (Canberra: Australian Heritage Commission, 2001), 22. Subsequent reference Bibliography Unpublished paperExample:6. Anna Byas , "Family Law: Old Shadows and New Directions" (paper presented to the 8th Australian Institute of Family Studies Conference, Melbourne, February 12-14, 2003). Bibliography
Statistics from ABSElements of the citation: First reference
Author - Agency name, Title of Publication - in italics, Catalogue number, Place of publication, Year of publication, page number, name of database URL. Subsequent reference Author - agency name, Title of Publication - shortened, page number. Bibliography Author - Agency name. Title of Publication - in italics. Catalogue number. Place of publication, Year of publication. Name of database URL. Example:
First referenceAustralian Bureau of Statistics, Social Trends in Australia 2004, Cat. no. 4120.0, Canberra, 2004, 192, AusStats http://www.abs.gov.au. Notes: The name of the AusStats database is given, as subscription to it provides access to ABS publications not freely available on their public website at the same URL. The name of the publisher is omitted, as it is the same as the authoring agency. Subsequent reference Note: If you use the acronym ABS, include a cross-reference in your bibliography. Bibliography, Cross references in your bibliography
Encyclopaedia and dictionariesReferences to well-known encyclopaedia and dictionaries are normally cited in notes, and not in the bibliography.
Example in
footnote:1. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed. , s.v. "Salvation." Other reference works may be listed with their publication details Example in
footnote:1. International encyclopedia of business and management, 2nd ed. , ed. Malcolm Warner (London: Thomson Learning, c2002), s.v. "Educational Marketing."
ThesesPrint versionElements of the citation:First reference
Author Name Surname, "Title of Thesis" (Award/type of thesis, Name of academic institution under whose auspices study was taken, Year of preparation), page number. Subsequent reference Author Surname, "Title of Thesis - shortened," page number. Bibliography Author Surname, Name. "Title of Thesis." Award/type of thesis, Name of academic institution, Year of preparation. Example: First
reference1. Maritza Ivonne Byrne, "Self-talk and Test Anxiety" (PhD thesis, Monash University, Melbourne, 1996), 7. Subsequent reference Bibliography Accessed electronically Example: First
reference1. Timothy Robert Kurz, "A Psychology of Environmentally Sustainable Behaviour" (PhD thesis, Murdoch University, Perth, 2003), 9. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040428.152013 Subsequent reference Bibliography
WebsitesElements of the citation: First reference
Agency author of content, "Title of Page," Owner of the site, URL (date of access). Bibliography Agency author of content. "Title of Page." Owner of the site. URL. Example: First
reference1. Therapeutic Goods Administration, "Recalls & Alerts," Department of Health and Ageing, Canberra, http://www.tga.gov.au/recalls/index.htm, (accessed December 13, 2004). Notes: The access date is included if the site is likely to have substantive updates, or includes information which may be time-sensitive, e.g. medical or legal advice. Site content is best referred to in notes, and a bibliographic entry need not be made. Bibliography
Website documentsElements of the citation: First reference
Author Name Surname, "Title of Document / page," Owner of site, URL, (date of access). Bibliography Author Surname, Name. "Title of Document / page." Owner of site. URL. Example: First
referenceBruce McGregor, "History of Creek Activism," Friends of Merri Creek, http://home.vicnet.net.au/~fomc/ (accessed December 12, 2004). Bibliography Ask a question Phone +61 3 9905 5054 or use our enquiry services ask.monash for Monash students and staff | ask.monash for visitors and alumni. |